How Long Does Phenobarbital Stay in Your System

How Long Does Phenobarbital Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Phenobarbital Stay in Your System? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 13, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 16, 2020 Blend Media / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate typically prescribed to control seizures. In some circumstances, it is used in treating withdrawal and for other purposes.?? Knowing how it acts in your system and for how long can help you understand the precautions to take to avoid dangerous drug interactions and possible overdoses. How Phenobarbital Acts in Your System Phenobarbital can be administered as an injection, a liquid elixir, or tablets. Each has their own speed of taking effect and appropriate dosages. Tablets or elixirs begin to act in 30 to 60 minutes, and their duration lasts for 5 to 12 hours, depending on the dosage and individual metabolism.?? The plasma half-life of phenobarbital in adults is an average of about 79 hours and 110 hours in children. That means that only half of the active ingredients have stopped exerting their effect in that time. It takes five to six half-lives for drugs to be fully eliminated from your system. Phenobarbital is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine. It can be detected in the urine for up to 7 days after a dose.?? If you take a urine drug screen while on phenobarbital, it will likely test positive for barbiturates. Phenobarbital can interact with many prescription and nonprescription medications, supplements, and herbal products while it is in your system. It is important to talk to your doctor about all of your medications to avoid these interactions, including ones you might start or stop taking. Some drugs of special concern with phenobarbital include blood thinners, Antabuse, Vibramycin, Fulvicin, hormone replacement therapy, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, oral steroids, sedatives, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and medications for anxiety, depression, pain, asthma, colds, allergies, and seizures.?? Dont drink alcohol while phenobarbital is in your system as it can worsen side effects. Phenobarbital can harm a fetus, so it shouldnt be used if you plan to become pregnant, and it shouldnt be used if you are breastfeeding.?? Birth control pills and other hormonal contraceptives may be less effective when you are taking phenobarbital, and you may need to use a different form of birth control. Take Phenobarbital Only as Prescribed One reason to know how long phenobarbital remains in your system is that it is addictive which means taking larger doses, taking it more often, or taking it longer than prescribed could increase the risk of addiction.?? Because phenobarbital can become habit-forming, you should not take the medication if you drink or have ever drunk large amounts of alcohol, used illicit drugs, or overused or used for nonmedical purposes any prescription medications. Dont Stop Taking Phenobarbital Suddenly Also, do not stop taking phenobarbital suddenly without consulting your healthcare provider. Stopping suddenly can cause you to experience withdrawal symptoms which can include:?? AnxietyMuscle twitchingUncontrollable shaking  of a part of the bodyWeaknessDizzinessChanges in visionNauseaVomitingSeizuresConfusionDifficulty falling asleep or staying asleepFainting If you wish to stop taking phenobarbital, your doctor will probably gradually decrease your dosage. Overdose Symptoms of phenobarbital overdose include heart failure, low blood pressure, weak pulse, uncontrollable movements of the eyes, loss of coordination,  drowsiness,  slowed breathing, confusion, delirium, headache, sleepiness, coma, and large blisters.?? If you think someone has had a phenobarbital overdose, call the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the person has collapsed or is not breathing, call 9-1-1 immediately.

How Does Corruption Affect The Families And The Two Young...

How does corruption affect the families and the two young female protagonists portrayed in Americanah (Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie) and Paradise of the Blind (DÆ °Ã† ¡ng Thu HÆ °Ã† ¡ng)? Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie and Paradise of the Blind by DÆ °Ã† ¡ng Thu HÆ °Ã† ¡ng offers insight into our world and gives us a greater understanding of our surrounding through the places, events and characters that envelop the stories. Adichie’s novel, published in May 2013 and set in the early 1990’s and onwards focusses on Ifemelu and Obinze and their struggle through life as they live and learn with and without each other, as well as in and out of Nigeria. Paradise of the Blind, published in 1988 and set at the same time, shows Hang and her family living in a post-Vietnam war world, with Hang torn between two ideals surrounding her. Though both stories are told through different historical and cultural lenses, these novels carry their stories through the idea that corruption burdens the community and the family unit, with corruption meaning â€Å"The action or effect of making someone or something morally depraved† (Oxford dictionary, 2016). Thi s idea is shown through characterisation of people, description of the surrounding and the use of descriptive language found in both novels represents the impact that corruption of authority and familial obligation has on a person and their surroundings, no matter the time and place. This thesis will be shown through investigating the flawed beliefs held by theShow MoreRelatedWoman at Point Zero Summary5789 Words   |  24 Pagesoutspoken critic of the oppression of women and the first to write openly about such aspects of female sexuality as clitoridectomy, incest, and prostitution. 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It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experienceRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand doctorate in operations management from the College of Business, University of Oregon. He is certified Scrum Master. v â€Å"Man’s mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions.† Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. To my family who have always encircled me with love and encouragement—my parents (Samuel and Charlotte), my wife (Mary), my sons and their wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease

Social Skills

Crime and Good Human Beings Free Essays

Now-a-days, the crimes are increasing everywhere. Everyday we hear the news that someone was robbed or murdered. This has lead to instability in many countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime and Good Human Beings or any similar topic only for you Order Now In India, it has many adverse effects. The crime rate is going up at a very fast rate in India. Most of the crimes in India involves robbery, theft, etc. Sometimes shops are looted or sometimes houses are looted. Recently in Kolkata, fire broke out in a hospital in which about 92 people died. Also in past, in BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY, about 22,000 people died and thousands of people were seriously injured. These crimes are not intentional. But they accidentally took place. Criminals should not be punished severely. But before punishing, we should try to know why they did so. No one wants to do crime, but situation forces them to commit it. Many people commit crime because they need money to maintain their families. When criminals are kept in jail, they become hardened criminals. They loose their respect and only thinks to hurt others. But now-a-days, the government has started many rehabilitation programs to help criminals to convert them into good human beings. When jail – authorities see improvement in criminals, they release them even before completion of their period of imprisonment. SUPREME COURT OF INDIA has also said that severe punishment cannot be given for any small crime. The court while sentencing the convicts should deal with them under the PROBATION OF OFFENDERS ACT, 1958. The courts should release the convicts of minor offences by giving them the benefit of probation. Crimes are to be hated not the criminals. So at last, I want to say that the criminals should not be given severe punishment. They can be converted into good human beings by humanitarian values like love, careness, etc. So, they should be guided not to do such actions in future instead of sending them to jail. AGAINST No man take birth as a criminal. Their circumstances force them to do what their heart never wills. Their circumstances can be anything it can be due to poverty, ailments or shortage of food. As in the drama bishops candlesticks the convict steals to save his wife from suffering which he never wanted to do. But there was no way other than stealing. But after stealing as by his luck he was caught. And the punishment given to him was too big for his shoes. This was just an example. Imagine how many people in this world would be suffering like this. Instead of understanding the pros and cons of the prisoner he is chained and whipped behind the bars. After a great suffering in the jail they just convert the criminals into a wild beast. Criminals are also human beings and they need to be consulted. No man is born great and no man is a criminal. They want to get wok but there is no employement for them because of shortage of wealth. Society should treat them like normal people. They should be consulted and given a job. People are the future. People should change the world. In this generation by stealing or by lazing around there is no escape. They have to be preached in a certain manner. By these i conclude that criminals arent wicked and do not deserve punishment. we can leave even 1000 criminals to escape but nowhere should one innocent be prosecuted CRIMINALS ARE NOT WICKED AND SO DONOT DESERVE PUNISHMENT I do not agree with the statement that All Criminals Are Wicked And Deserve Punishment. No body is a criminal from birth. It is the environment in which he grows that makes him a criminal or a respected man. Some people turn into criminals due to poverty as they are not able to nourish their family as the Convict in the Bishop’s Candlesticks. He is a good man but his poverty made him worst. Crime needs punishment but first one must look into the reason of the crime and then punish the culprit. Nowadays it is seen that criminals are roaming free and innocent people are sent to prison. One wrong step can turn innocent people into criminals. To remove crime and criminals we have to clean and purify this world and there should bejustice for everyone. How to cite Crime and Good Human Beings, Papers

Jellyfish Essays - Developmental Biology, Zoology, Biology

Jellyfish - Because Cnidarians, including jellyfish, have two primary germ layers, they are considered dibloblastic . - Jellyfish are not the only example of radially symmetric organisms in the world. In fact, most members of the phylum to which jellyfish belong, HYPERLINK "http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cnidaria/" \t "_blank" Cnidaria , exhibit radial symmetry, including most hydras, corals and sea anemones. The only other animals with this type of symmetry are echinoderms - Cephalization is the concentration of sensory organs as well as a brain in a specified head area. The anterior, or head, is where the sensory cells and organs, clusters of nerve cells, and organs for ingesting food are located. The posterior is on the opposite end of the cephalized animal, which may have a tail. Jellyfish do not have a brain, so they would not be considered cephalized . - A few animals, such as jellyfish and related creatures, are diploblasts . That means that they developed from only two basic tissue layers: the ectoderm and the endoderm. A coelom is the gut of tripolblasts . It is a completely encased, fluid-filled body cavity lined by mesodermic tissue. You will often see literature classifying animals as having or not having a coelom. The majority of animal phyla have coeloms. (Study.com 2014) - Cnidaria (Jellyfish) No Segmentation Habitat : Jellyfish are found in all of the Earth's oceans, including the very deep sea, as well as shallow saltwater lakes. Locomotion: Most jellyfish are essentially passive drifters carried along by currents; therefore even large jellyfish are classified as planktonic. Though mostly purely planktonic, most have structures that allow them to change direction and move up or down in the water column and some can even swim against weak currents. Body Systems and Adaptations : Most jellyfish do not have specialized digestive , osmoregulatory , central nervous , respiratory , or circulatory systems. The manubrium is a stalk-like structure hanging down from the centre of the underside, often surrounded by oral arms, which connects with the mouth/anus at the base of the bell. (Wiki 2015)

WEB Du Bois essays

WEB Du Bois essays WEB Du Bois was born a free man in his small village of Great Barington, Massachusetts, three years after the Civil War. For generations, the Du Bois family had been an accepted part of the community since before his great-grandfather had fought in the American Revolution. Early on, Du Bois was given an awareness of his African-heritage, through the ancient songs his grandmother taught him. This awareness set him apart from his New England community, with an ancestry shrouded in mystery, in sharp contrast to the precisely accounted history of the Western world. This difference would be the foundation for his desire to change the way African-Americans co-existed in America. As a student, Du Bois was considered something of a prodigy who excelled beyond the capabilities of his white peers. He found work as a correspondent for New York newspapers, and slowly began to realize the inhibitions of social boundaries he was expected to observe every step of the way. When racism tried to take his pride and dignity, he became more determined to make sure society recognized his achievements. Clearly, Du Bois showed great promise, and some influential members of his community. Although Du Bois dreamt of attending Harvard, these influential individuals arranged for his education at Fisk University in Nashville. His experiences at Fisk changed his life, and he discovered his fate as a leader of the black struggle to free his people from oppression. At Fisk, Du Bois became acquainted with many sons and daughters of former slaves, who felt the pain of oppression and shared his sense of cultural and spiritual tradition. In the South, he saw his people being driven to a status of little difference from slavery, and saw them terrorized at the polls. He taught school during the summers in the eastern portion of Tennessee, and saw the suffering firsthand. He then resolved to dedicate his life to fighting the terrible racial oppression that held the black p...

The 11 ACT Science Strategies You Must Be Using

The 11 ACT Science Strategies You Must Be Using SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT Science section, more than any other, is about strategy over knowledge. Because every graduating high school senior has a varied level of science education, the only way to make a "fair" or "standardized" test is to test very basic concepts. If the ACT Science tested basic concepts in an easy way everyone would get a 36, so instead, the ACT tests these basic concepts in new and confusing ways. In order to get the best score, you need to use a strategy to attack this strange test and practice the strategy on several ACT Science practice tests. For information about practice tests, check out our other article. You only have 35 minutes to answer 40 questions (or 52.5 seconds per question) and each question has the same point value, so you also need a strategy that helps you answer as many questions as possible in the shortest amount of time. In this article, I will cover the basic ACT Science strategy: Knowing the section format and using it to your advantage 1-Save Conflicting Viewpoints for last, Start with Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages Conflicting Viewpoints Strategies 2-Write yourself brief summaries Data Representation and Research Summaries Passage Strategies 3-Do not read the passage on Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages 4-Start with the questions 5-Use every part of the visuals to your advantage 6-Skim only if absolutely necessary 7- Practicing is a key to success 8- Only use real ACT Science Practice Materials 9- Use the real timing when practicing. 10- Review your mistakes, so you improve. 11- Study the material the ACT Science section expects you to know I will provide more information on each below: Knowing the section format and using it to your advantage If you were unfamiliar with the 3 Types of ACT Science Passages, I'd recommend reading that article first. As a brief summary, there are 3 types of passages (7 passages total) used on the test: 3 Data Representation Passages, 5 questions each 3 Research Summaries Passages, 6 questions each 1 Conflicting Viewpoints Passage, 7 questions It is not important for you to be able to differentiate between Data Representation Passages and Research Summaries Passages because the strategy we will use for both is the same. Both of these passages use visuals as the primary way to convey information: there will be graphs, tables, scatterplots, and/or bar graphs. It is important that you can separate the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage from the other two types because the strategy for this passage is very different. It should be pretty simple to identify because the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage has no graphs or tables. Instead, there are two or more scientists/students/theories presented in short paragraphs. The questions ask you about each viewpoint and the differences and similarities between the viewpoints. To answer the questions, you need to read and understand the entire passage; therefore, this passage will take the longest. ACT Science Strategy #1: Save Conflicting Viewpoints for last, Start with Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages As I said, you only have 52.5 seconds per question and each question has the same value. Since Conflicting Viewpoints takes longer, save it for last so it doesn't kill your pace. I will dive into the specific strategy for Conflicting Viewpoints passages next. Conflicting Viewpoints Strategy As I said before, Conflicting Viewpoints passages require you to read the entire passage to answer the questions. The two types of questions with Conflicting Viewpoints Passages are called Understanding Viewpoints Questions and Comparing Viewpoints Questions. To read more in-depth about Conflicting Viewpoints Passages and questions, read our article about Attacking Conflicting Viewpoints Questions. As a brief overview, the passage starts with an introduction and then presents you with the viewpoint of 2 or more scientists/students/theories. Understanding viewpoints questions require you to understand what each scientist/student/theory is arguing. Comparing viewpoints questions require you to point out the similarities and differences of the viewpoints. When attacking conflicting viewpoints passage, start by reading the passage in its entirety (including the introduction). ACT Science Strategy #2: Write yourself brief mini-summaries as you read each viewpoint. Writing summaries will help you remember what each scientist/student/theory argued and will help you when answering the question. These summaries should be no more than 3-4 words, more than that and you are taking too much time. Here is an example from a real ACT Science practice test: This way when you are asked a question such as: Which of the following findings support Scientist 2? A. A Scientist confirmed the fragments were from an asteroidB. A Scientist confirmed the fragments were from a cometC. A Scientist determined nothing struck the earth.D. A Scientist found out a bomb exploded. Obviously, this may be easier than other ACT Science questions, but the methodology is the same. Look back at your summary for Scientist 2. Our summary says, "Pro-Asteroid." That matches A, so A is the correct answer. Writing summaries saves you time that you would spend re-reading paragraphs and helps you get to the correct answer quicker. The strategy is very different for the other 2 passages: Data Representation and Research Summaries Strategies As I said before, distinguishing between these two passages is not important. If you would like to know the difference, it is that Data Representation Passages discusses experiments (like how varying amounts of enzyme concentrate changes reaction time) whereas Research Summaries Passages discuss summaries where something is observed (like the beak depth of finches in the wild). Knowing this difference does not help you answer questions. Both of these passages have a brief introduction, a few paragraphs (separated by experiment 1/2/3 or student 1/2/3) and visuals (graphs, tables, scatterplots, bar graphs, etc.). Almost all of the questions require reading the visuals to answer the question. ACT Science Strategy #3: Don't Read the Passage on Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages It is a waste of your time to read these passages in their entirety. As I just said, to answer most of the questions, you just need to read the visuals, so: ACT Science Strategy #4: Start With the Questions Skip reading and go right to the questions. Then, look back at the corresponding visual(s) to try to answer the question. ACT Science Strategy #5: Use Every Part of the Visuals to Your Advantage The visuals contain the majority of the answers to the questions, so you need to become an expert at reading visuals and pulling tons of information out of a single visual. Check out our article on Factual Questions: How to Read Graphs, Visuals and Data for more information, but I will give a brief overview of how to get the most out of a visual. Sometimes, you will be looking at weird graphs like this one: Yes, this is from a real ACT Science practice test. Here is the accompanying question: Let's break it down. The question is asking you which of the answer choices has the highest intensity at a given frequency. Whenever a question states "at a given X," it means across all values of X. In other words, this question is asking you to pick the answer choice with the highest intensity across all frequencies. There is a lot of information in the graph above, but the answer choices only require us to consider four conditions: in air or in water, and at S of 100% or at 10^-8%. Looking at the graph above, you may have no idea where to begin. Start by finding the locations of S 100% and S 10^-8% (it is completely fine that you don't understand what these mean). I don't even think the passage helped you understand what these mean. I don't know what they mean, but I can still answer the question correctly. You see S 10^-8% is represented by the two vertical lines at the far left of the graph. S 100% is represented by the two vertical lines at the far right of the graph. Now, you need to locate intensity, since the question asked specifically which has the highest intensity. Intensity is measured on the x-axis. Both lines for S 10^-8 % have a measured intensity between -20 and 0 db. Both lines for S 100% have a measured intensity between 180 and 220 db. The S 100% are at a higher intensity, so we can eliminate both S 10^-8% answer choices, G and J. Now, to decide between F and H, we need to figure out whether the intensity was greater in water or air. To do this, we need to distinguish which S 100% line represents water and which one represents air. According to the key, the small dotted line represents water, and the thicker line represents air. The small dotted line is just to the right of the thicker line, so it is at a higher intensity than the thicker line. S 100% in water has an intensity of approximately 205 db and S 100% in air has an intensity of approximately 195 db, so the answer is F. To get the most out of visuals, you need to be scanning every axis, curve, and key. Pinpoint just what you need to answer the question and ignore what is not useful to you. Occasionally the visual alone will not be enough to answer the question, if you need more information, use our next strategy: ACT Science Strategy #6: Skim Only If Absolutely Necessary Usually, you don't need to read, as I just showed you in the addressing the last question. You will probably only need to read/skim for 2 out of 5 or 6 questions per passage. Save the question(s) that you can't answer with visuals alone for the end of the passage. Let's check out an ACT Science practice question where you need to skim: In order to the answer this question, you need to start by looking at Figure 2 for Experiment 2. At 0.2 mL of titrant added, the color was yellow. At 1.8 mL of titrant added, the color was blue, so you can eliminate B and D. However, you don't know what the difference between yellow and blue means in terms of pH, so you need to skim. You only need this sentence from the very end of the introduction to find the final answer. So, according to the passage, blue means greater pH than yellow, so the answer is A. You can now see how skimming can quickly lead you to the correct answer. Never ever take the time to read the entire passage. It is a waste of your valuable, precious, limited time. Just skim for key terms and you will get to the answer quicker. ACT Science Strategy #7: Practicing Is the Key to Success. I recommend taking a minimum of 7 practice tests. This test is so unique that during your first 2-3 practice tests you will just be getting used to the format. You need the additional 4-5 tests to solidify using all of the above strategies. I improved 5 points from my first ACT Science test to my last; if you want to see that kind of improvement or better, you need to put in the time. Make sure you have the best study materials available. ACT Science Strategy #8: Only Use Real ACT Science Practice Materials. The ACT Science section is so different from other tests that any old science study material will not cut it. As I said before, the ACT Science section is unique in that it tests basic science skills in new and confusing ways. Check out our article on where to find ACT Science practice materials (most of which is free!) and which practice materials to avoid. When studying, you also need to make sure you are paying attention to timing. ACT Science Strategy #9: Use the Real Timing When Practicing. One of the biggest challenges of the ACT Science section is time management. My problem when I first took the ACT Science section was that I couldn't finish the thing. With all of the above strategies, you should be able to finish in time. However, if you do not practice the timing, you will not finish in time. Practice completing the entire section in 35 minutes, and try to limit yourself to 5 minutes per passage, so you keep yourself on track. Use this timing on every practice test, so that the fast pace becomes second nature to you. After taking a practice test, you need to review. ACT Science Strategy #10: Review Your Mistakes, So You Improve. The only way to get better is with practice and reviewing your mistakes. Not reviewing your mistakes is like a professional football team losing a game 60-0 and just moving on to the next one without a post-game review. It would never happen, and it should never happen for you. Reviewing your mistakes allows you to process where you went wrong and make sure it doesn't happen again. For help in how to review your mistakes, check out our articles on The Best Way to Study and Practice for ACT Science and The 9 Reasons You Miss ACT Science Questions. Practice tests and review will not get you all the way to a 36. ACT Science Strategy #11: Study the Material the ACT Science Section Expects You to Know. On every ACT Science section, there are about 4 questions that you cannot answer correctly without outside knowledge. I wrote an entire article dedicated to these questions: The Only Actual Science You Have to Know for ACT Science. There are 13 topics that the ACT Science section expects you to know (all of them are covered in the other article). Make flashcards for these topics and study them until you know them cold. The ACT Science section just expects you to have basic knowledge of these topics, so you don't need to study in-depth. Also, if you are aiming for a 30 or below on the ACT Science section, this step is not as important, as there are only 4 outside knowledge questions per test. Recap Apply these strategies to your ACT Science practice, and you'll be on your way to a 36 on the ACT Science section: #1: Save Conflicting Viewpoints for last. Start with Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages. #2: Write yourself brief mini-summaries for Conflicting Viewpoints Passages. #3: Do not read the passage on Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages. #4: For Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages, start with the questions. #5: For Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages, use every part of the visuals to your advantage. #6: For Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages, skim only if absolutely necessary. #7: Practicing is the key to success. #8: For practice, only use real ACT Science Materials. #9: For practice, use the real timing. #10: For practice, review your mistakes, so you improve. #11: Study the material the ACT Science section expects you to know. What's Next? For future ACT Science study, I recommend checking out our other articles on the 3 Types of ACT Science passages to learn more about the other types of questions asked on the ACT Science section, factual questions to learn more about this question type and to practice your visual reading skills, and the best way to study and practice for ACT Science to make the most out of your limited study time. Looking for help on the other sections? Check out our guides to ACT Math, ACT English, ACT Reading, and ACT Writing. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Science lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial: